Are you intrigued by the differences between the Northern Blue Tongue Skink and the Indonesian variety? These two fascinating reptiles have distinct characteristics that set them apart. From their appearance to their habitats, each species has its own unique traits and adaptations. Join us as we explore the captivating world of the Northern Blue Tongue Skink and Indonesian skink and uncover what sets them apart in the reptile kingdom.
Physical Characteristics
Size
The Northern Blue Tongue Skink and the Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink are both known for their relatively large size compared to other skink species. Adult Northern Blue Tongue Skinks can reach an impressive length of up to 24 inches (60 centimeters), while Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks tend to be slightly smaller, with adults typically measuring around 18 inches (45 centimeters) in length.
Coloration
One of the most striking features of both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks is their unique coloration. The Northern Blue Tongue Skink is known for its vibrant blue tongue, which contrasts beautifully with its predominantly brown or grey body color. On the other hand, the Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink often exhibits a wider range of color variations, including shades of blue, black, orange, and even white.
Scale Pattern
In terms of scale pattern, both species of blue tongue skinks have a smooth and somewhat shiny appearance. The scales are relatively large and overlapping, providing these reptiles with excellent protection against predators. While the Northern Blue Tongue Skink typically boasts a more uniform scale pattern, the Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink can display a more intricate and varied arrangement of scales, adding to its visual appeal.
Head Shape
When it comes to head shape, the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks share similar characteristics. They both have wide, triangular-shaped heads with a prominent snout. This head shape, coupled with their robust jaw muscles, allows them to consume a diverse range of food items in the wild, making them opportunistic omnivores.
Tail Length
The tail length of a blue tongue skink plays a crucial role in its overall balance and mobility. While both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have relatively short tails compared to their body size, the exact length can vary between individuals. Generally, their tails make up around 20-30% of their total length.
Limbs and Body Shape
Both blue tongue skink species have four well-developed limbs with clawed toes. These limbs, although relatively short and stocky, enable them to navigate their environment with ease. In terms of body shape, both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have a sturdy build, with a thick and muscular body that allows for efficient movement both on land and in burrows.
Snout Shape
The snout shape of blue tongue skinks is a distinguishing feature that helps them with their feeding habits. Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have a slightly rounded snout, which enables them to forage for a variety of foods, including insects, fruit, vegetables, and even small vertebrates. This versatile snout shape is also useful when it comes to rooting through leaf litter and digging for prey.
Eye Shape
The eye shape of blue tongue skinks is typically almond-shaped, providing them with a wide field of vision. This allows them to be more aware of their surroundings and helps them detect potential predators or prey. Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have well-developed eyes with pupils that can dilate in response to changes in light conditions.
Tongue Color
One of the most fascinating physical characteristics of blue tongue skinks is their vibrant tongue coloration. True to their name, both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have tongues that are an intense, electric blue color. This distinctive trait serves as a warning to potential predators, indicating that they are venomous, although they do not possess venom glands.
Overall Appearance
In terms of their overall appearance, the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks are undeniably captivating creatures. While the Northern Blue Tongue Skink displays a more subdued and earth-toned color palette, the Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink’s striking array of colors adds an extra element of visual interest. Both species possess an elegant combination of smooth scales, robust bodies, and powerful jaws, making them a unique and beautiful addition to any reptile enthusiast’s collection.
Habitat and Distribution
Natural Habitat of Northern Blue Tongue Skink
The Northern Blue Tongue Skink is native to a wide range of habitats in Australia, including woodland areas, shrublands, grasslands, and even arid desert regions. These skinks are highly adaptable and can thrive in diverse environments, as long as they have access to ample hideouts, such as logs, rocks, and leaf litter.
Natural Habitat of Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink
The Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink is found across several Indonesian islands, including Papua, New Guinea, and parts of Australia. These skinks inhabit a variety of habitats, ranging from tropical rainforests to savannah-like grasslands. They can also be found in both moist and drier regions, provided that they have access to suitable food sources and hiding places.
Geographic Distribution of Northern Blue Tongue Skink
The Northern Blue Tongue Skink is primarily found in the northern and eastern regions of Australia. Its range spans across Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory, and parts of Western Australia. Within this range, they can be found in a variety of climates, from hot and arid to more temperate and humid regions.
Geographic Distribution of Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink
The Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink has a broader distribution compared to its Northern counterpart. They inhabit various islands in Indonesia, including Papua, Rote, Savu, and Timor, as well as parts of Australia. Their presence can be observed in a range of different habitats across these areas, reflecting their ability to adapt to different climates and environments.
Preferred Environments
Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have specific habitat requirements to thrive in captivity. They require spacious enclosures with a mix of hiding spots, such as logs and rocks, as well as a temperature gradient that allows them to regulate their body temperature effectively. Furthermore, suitable substrates, like bark chips or coconut fiber, mimic their natural environment and aid in maintaining proper humidity levels.
Captive Habitats
In captivity, Northern Blue Tongue Skinks and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have slightly different captivity requirements. While both species require spacious enclosures, the Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink benefits from a slightly higher humidity level, achieved through misting or the use of a humidifier. Both species also benefit from the inclusion of UVB lighting to support their vitamin D synthesis and overall health.
Diet and Feeding Habits
Main Diet of Northern Blue Tongue Skink
Northern Blue Tongue Skinks are known for their omnivorous diet, consisting of a mix of animal proteins and plant matter. In the wild, they feed on a variety of items, including insects, snails, fruits, berries, flowers, and even small vertebrates. In captivity, their diet should be appropriately balanced with a combination of commercially available blue tongue skink food, as well as fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional live prey.
Main Diet of Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink
Similar to their Northern relatives, Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks also have an omnivorous diet. In the wild, they consume a variety of food items, such as insects, wildflowers, fruits, and vegetables. When kept in captivity, their diet should consist of a commercially available blue tongue skink food, along with a mix of fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional live prey.
Hunting Techniques
Blue tongue skinks are not known for their agility or speed, but rather rely on their keen sense of smell to locate their prey. Once their target is detected, they will use their quick burst of force to capture it. When hunting insects, blue tongue skinks may engage in a stalking behavior, patiently waiting for an opportune moment to strike.
Feeding Frequency
The feeding frequency of blue tongue skinks will vary depending on their age and individual needs. Juveniles typically require more frequent feedings, ranging from 3-5 times a week, as they are actively growing. Adult blue tongue skinks can be fed less frequently, with a diet of 2-3 times a week. It is essential to monitor their body condition and adjust the feeding schedule accordingly to prevent obesity or malnutrition.
Favorite Foods
Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks have their preferences when it comes to food. While the exact preferences may vary from individual to individual, various fruits and vegetables, such as berries, bananas, leafy greens, and carrots, are generally well-received. In terms of live prey, small invertebrates like crickets and mealworms are often relished.
Special Nutritional Requirements
One essential consideration in the diet of blue tongue skinks is to ensure their calcium and vitamin D3 intake is adequate. Without sufficient calcium, these skinks can develop metabolic bone disease, which can lead to skeletal deformities and other health issues. It is recommended to dust live prey or fruit and vegetables with a calcium and vitamin D3 supplement to meet their nutritional requirements.
Eating Behavior
Blue tongue skinks are not known for their voracious appetites. They tend to eat slowly and deliberately, savoring each bite. While feeding, they use their strong jaws to chew and crush their food before swallowing. Their slow eating behavior allows for better digestion and absorption of nutrients from their diet.
Behavior and Temperament
Activity Levels
Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks are diurnal creatures, meaning they are most active during the day. They spend their time foraging for food, basking to regulate their body temperature, and exploring their surroundings. However, it is not uncommon for them to become less active during the colder months or hide during the hottest parts of the day.
Basking and Sunning
To maintain their body temperature, blue tongue skinks engage in basking and sunning behaviors. They will seek out a sunny spot in their habitat and position themselves to absorb the warmth. Basking not only helps them regulate their body temperature but also aids in digestion and overall metabolic functions.
Social Behavior
While blue tongue skinks are not social animals in the same way as dogs or cats, they can tolerate the presence of other skinks in their vicinity. In captivity, they can be kept in pairs or small groups, as long as the enclosure is spacious enough to provide individual territories and hiding spots. However, it is crucial to monitor their behavior for signs of aggression or stress and provide them with ample space to retreat if needed.
Aggressiveness
Blue tongue skinks are generally docile and calm reptiles, usually displaying minimal aggression. However, like any animal, there can be individual variations in behavior. Some may exhibit territorial behaviors or become defensive if they feel threatened. Proper handling techniques and providing them with a stress-free environment can help minimize any potential aggression.
Handling and Taming
Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks can become accustomed to human interaction with regular, gentle handling. It is important to approach them calmly, allowing them to become familiar with your presence over time. Regular handling and positive reinforcement techniques can help build trust and create a bond with these fascinating reptiles.
Escape Artist
Blue tongue skinks are not known for their exceptional climbing abilities. However, they are surprisingly strong and can push against enclosure doors or lift objects that are not secured properly. It is crucial to provide a secure enclosure with a tightly fitted lid to prevent any escapes. Regular enclosure checks for potential weaknesses or gaps are essential to maintaining their safety.
Special Behaviors
Blue tongue skinks have various unique behaviors that add to their charm. One such behavior is their ability to inflate their bodies when feeling threatened, making them appear larger and more menacing to potential predators. Additionally, they may engage in a form of “bluff biting,” where they open their mouth wide and hiss as a defensive display to intimidate perceived threats.
Vocalizations
Blue tongue skinks are not known for their vocalizations, as they are generally quiet creatures. However, they may produce hissing sounds or emit soft grunts when feeling threatened or stressed. These vocalizations are part of their defensive repertoire and serve to discourage potential predators or rivals.
Reproduction and Development
Mating Season
The mating season for both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks generally occurs in the spring or early summer, coinciding with the warmer months. This is when these skinks are most active and receptive to courtship rituals.
Courtship Rituals
During courtship, male blue tongue skinks make elaborate displays to attract females. This can involve head-bobbing, tongue-flicking, and circling the female. If receptive, the female will respond by either displaying submissive behaviors or allowing the male to approach and mate.
Gestation Period
After successful mating, the female blue tongue skink will undergo a gestation period. This period typically lasts around 3-4 months, although it can vary slightly between individuals. During this time, the female will exhibit signs of being gravid, such as a visibly swollen abdomen.
Clutch Size
The clutch size of blue tongue skinks can vary, with Northern Blue Tongue Skinks typically producing larger clutches compared to their Indonesian counterparts. Northern females can lay anywhere between 6-25 eggs per clutch, while Indonesian females usually have smaller clutches, typically ranging from 4-12 eggs.
Egg Incubation
After laying their eggs, the female blue tongue skink will bury them in a suitable nesting site. The eggs will then undergo an incubation period, which usually lasts around 2-3 months. The incubation temperature plays a crucial role in determining the sex of the offspring, with higher temperatures favoring the development of males and cooler temperatures producing more females.
Parental Care
Once the eggs are laid and buried, the mother blue tongue skink does not provide any further parental care. The eggs are left to incubate underground, relying on the surrounding environment to provide the necessary conditions for successful hatching.
Sexual Dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism in blue tongue skinks can be observed mainly in their size and coloration. Males tend to be slightly larger and more robust than females. Furthermore, their coloration may vary, with males often displaying bolder and more vivid patterns to attract potential mates.
Growth Rate
The growth rate of blue tongue skinks is influenced by several factors, including genetics, diet, and environmental conditions. Generally, blue tongue skinks experience rapid growth during their first few years of life, with growth gradually slowing down as they reach adulthood. A well-balanced diet and suitable environmental conditions will help promote healthy growth and development.
Health and Diseases
General Health Concerns
Blue tongue skinks are generally hardy reptiles with few health concerns when provided with proper care. However, like all animals, there are a few general health concerns to be aware of. These may include issues such as obesity, metabolic bone disease, respiratory infections, and dermatological conditions. Regular health checks, appropriate husbandry, and a nutritious diet can help prevent many of these health issues.
Common Diseases
Some common diseases that blue tongue skinks may encounter include mouth rot (infectious stomatitis), parasitic infections (such as mites or ticks), respiratory infections, and fungal skin infections. Close observation for any signs of illness, such as loss of appetite, changes in behavior, or visible abnormalities, can help detect and treat these diseases promptly.
Parasites and Infestations
Parasitic infestations, particularly mites and ticks, can occur in blue tongue skinks. Regular thorough checks for any signs of external parasites, such as visible insects or skin abnormalities, are crucial. Additionally, routine fecal examinations can help identify any internal parasites, such as intestinal worms, and allow for timely treatment when necessary.
Preventive Measures
Maintaining proper hygiene and a clean enclosure is vital in preventing the onset of many diseases. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting the enclosure, providing a suitable substrate, and ensuring proper nutrition and hydration are essential preventive measures. Quarantining new additions to a collection and periodically observing for signs of illness throughout the year are also crucial steps in disease prevention.
Signs of Illness
Signs of illness in blue tongue skinks can vary but may include loss of appetite, lethargy, abnormal feces (such as diarrhea), difficulty breathing, visible skin abnormalities (such as lesions or discoloration), or changes in behavior. It is important to monitor their behavior and appearance closely, taking note of any changes that may indicate underlying health issues.
Veterinary Care
Regular visits to a qualified reptile veterinarian are essential for the overall health and well-being of blue tongue skinks. A veterinarian experienced in reptile medicine can provide thorough examinations, perform necessary diagnostic tests, and address any health concerns. They can also offer valuable guidance on proper care, nutrition, and disease prevention strategies.
Life Span
When provided with proper care, blue tongue skinks have the potential to live relatively long lives. On average, a well-cared-for blue tongue skink can live for 15-20 years in captivity. However, there have been reports of some individuals reaching their 25th birthday, highlighting the potential for extended lifespans with optimal conditions.
Suitability as Pets
Ease of Captivity
Blue tongue skinks are considered suitable for intermediate to experienced reptile keepers due to their specific care requirements. They require attentive husbandry, including appropriate enclosure setup, diet, and temperature regulation. However, with the necessary research and commitment, they can make rewarding and fascinating pets.
Suitable for Beginners?
While blue tongue skinks may not be ideal for complete beginners, dedicated beginners who are willing to invest time and effort into learning about their requirements and providing appropriate care can successfully keep them as pets. Starting with a younger, well-started blue tongue skink and seeking guidance from experienced keepers or reptile experts can greatly enhance the beginner’s chances of success.
Space and Enclosure Requirements
Blue tongue skinks require spacious enclosures to accommodate their active nature and allow for appropriate thermoregulation. A minimum enclosure size for a single adult blue tongue skink should be at least 36x18x18 inches (90x45x45 centimeters). Providing ample hiding spots, sturdy branches, and other enrichments will further enhance their quality of life.
Temperature and Humidity Needs
To maintain their overall health and well-being, blue tongue skinks require precise temperature and humidity regulation within their enclosure. The warm end of the enclosure should have a temperature gradient between 90-100°F (32-38°C), while the cooler end should range from 75-85°F (24-29°C). The ambient humidity level should be maintained between 40-60% to prevent dehydration and shedding issues.
Substrate Preferences
When it comes to substrate preferences, blue tongue skinks benefit from loose, moisture-retentive substrates that mimic their natural environment. Popular substrate choices include cypress mulch, coconut fiber (eco-earth), or a mixture of topsoil and coconut fiber. These substrates provide suitable humidity levels, allow for burrowing behavior, and are generally safe if ingested.
Lighting and UVB Requirements
Proper lighting and UVB exposure are essential for the health of blue tongue skinks. They require access to regular UVB lighting, which aids in vitamin D3 synthesis and calcium absorption. A UVB source should be provided for 10-12 hours a day, positioned at an appropriate distance to ensure the skink receives sufficient exposure.
Feeding and Diet Constraints
Blue tongue skinks have relatively flexible diets, which makes them relatively easy to feed. However, attention must be given to providing a varied and balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. The main dietary constraints revolve around ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation to prevent metabolic bone disease. It is also important to avoid feeding them toxic or potentially harmful foods, such as chocolate or raw eggs.
Interaction with Humans
Blue tongue skinks have the potential to bond with their owners and become accustomed to human interaction. Regular handling, positive reinforcement, and gentle socialization can help create a bond between the skink and its owner. However, it is crucial to respect their boundaries and handle them with care to avoid stress or injury.
Additional Considerations
Keeping blue tongue skinks as pets requires a long-term commitment. They have the potential for a significant lifespan and will require consistent care and attention throughout their lives. Additionally, it is important to consider the potential size and space requirements, as well as the financial commitment associated with their housing, diet, and veterinary care.
Legalities and Conservation Status
Laws and Regulations Regarding Ownership
Before considering a blue tongue skink as a pet, it is important to research and comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding ownership. These laws can vary depending on the country, state, or region where you reside. Some jurisdictions may require permits or have specific restrictions on keeping blue tongue skinks as pets.
Declining Populations and Threats
Both the Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink populations face various threats in their native habitats. Habitat destruction, illegal collection for the pet trade, and introduced predators are among the primary concerns. These factors contribute to the declining populations of blue tongue skinks in certain areas, highlighting the importance of responsible captive breeding programs and conservation efforts.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation efforts for blue tongue skinks involve raising awareness about their ecological importance and implementing measures to protect their natural habitats. Additionally, captive breeding programs aimed at reducing the demand for wild-caught specimens can play a significant role in the conservation of these species. Supporting reputable breeders and organizations dedicated to the conservation of blue tongue skinks can make a positive impact.
Cost and Availability
Price Range for Northern Blue Tongue Skink
The price of a Northern Blue Tongue Skink can vary depending on various factors, such as age, sex, coloration, and the reputation of the breeder or supplier. On average, expect to pay between $250 and $500 for a healthy and well-started Northern Blue Tongue Skink.
Price Range for Indonesian Blue Tongue Skink
The price range for Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks can also be influenced by factors such as age, sex, color variation, and breeder reputation. Generally, they tend to be slightly more expensive than Northern Blue Tongue Skinks. Prices for Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks typically range from $350 to $700.
Availability in the Pet Trade
Both Northern and Indonesian Blue Tongue Skinks are popular among reptile enthusiasts, and their availability in the pet trade can vary depending on the region and timing. They are often found in specialized reptile stores, through reputable breeders, and sometimes at reptile expos or online reptile sales platforms. It is important to ensure that any purchase is made from a trustworthy source that practices ethical breeding and provides proper care for their animals.
Breeders and Sellers
When purchasing a blue tongue skink, it is crucial to do thorough research and seek out reputable breeders or sellers. Reputable breeders will be knowledgeable about the species, provide appropriate care and housing, and prioritize the well-being of their animals. Recommendations from experienced reptile keepers, online reptile forums, and reviews can help in finding reputable breeders or sellers.
Conclusion
Blue tongue skinks, whether Northern or Indonesian, are undoubtedly captivating reptiles with their unique physical characteristics, fascinating behaviors, and hardy nature. Although their care requirements may require some commitment and research, the rewards of keeping these reptiles as pets are well worth it. From their striking coloration and blue tongues to their friendly demeanor, blue tongue skinks make intriguing and beautiful companions for reptile enthusiasts. By providing proper husbandry, appropriate nutrition, and a loving environment, blue tongue skinks can thrive in captivity and bring joy to their owners for many years to come.
